Know Your Patient Rights
Federal and state laws protect you from unfair medical billing practices
The No Surprises Act
Effective January 1, 2022
This federal law protects you from unexpected medical bills when you receive emergency care or are treated by out-of-network providers at in-network facilities.
Emergency Services Protection
You can't be balance billed for emergency services, regardless of whether the provider or facility is in-network.
In-Network Facility Protection
Out-of-network providers at in-network facilities cannot balance bill you without your written consent (with limited exceptions).
Good Faith Estimates
Uninsured or self-pay patients have the right to receive a good faith cost estimate before scheduled services.
Dispute Resolution
If your bill is $400+ more than your estimate, you can dispute it through an independent resolution process.
Right to an Itemized Bill
You have the right to receive a detailed, itemized bill showing every charge. Hospitals must provide this upon request. Ask for a UB-04 form for the most detailed breakdown.
Right to Dispute Charges
You can dispute any charge you believe is incorrect. Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, collection must stop while your dispute is being investigated.
Right to Financial Assistance
Non-profit hospitals must offer financial assistance (charity care) programs under IRS 501(r) requirements. You can request an application regardless of insurance status.
Right to Price Transparency
As of 2021, hospitals must publish their prices online in a machine-readable format. You can compare prices before receiving non-emergency care.
Protection from Aggressive Collection
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) protects you from abusive collection practices:
How to Exercise Your Rights
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1
Request an Itemized Bill
Call the billing department and request a detailed itemized statement (UB-04 form).
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2
Document Everything
Keep records of all calls, letters, and communications. Note dates, names, and what was discussed.
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3
Submit Disputes in Writing
Send dispute letters via certified mail with return receipt requested for proof of delivery.
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4
Escalate if Necessary
File complaints with your state Attorney General, Insurance Commissioner, or CMS if issues aren't resolved.